Capitals of Europe

Europe has 45 capital cities. Below you'll find all European capitals on a map and in a list with their country and population. The largest is Moscow, the capital of Russia; the smallest is Vatican City in Vatican City.

Map of the capitals of Europe

Map of Europe with all 45 capital cities marked and labelled
All 45 capitals of Europe. Full-size PNG · SVG · Free to use with credit, see licence.

List of European capitals

All 45 countries of Europe and their capital city, in alphabetical order by country.

CountryCapitalPopulation
AlbaniaTirana418,495
AndorraAndorra la Vella22,886
AustriaVienna1,911,191
BelarusMinsk1,982,444
BelgiumBrussels1,218,255
Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevo395,133
BulgariaSofia1,405,612
CroatiaZagreb769,944
CyprusNicosia330,000
Czech RepublicPrague1,335,084
DenmarkCopenhagen658,390
EstoniaTallinn437,619
FinlandHelsinki658,864
FranceParis2,161,000
GermanyBerlin3,669,491
GreeceAthens3,090,508
HungaryBudapest1,752,286
IcelandReykjavík131,136
IrelandDublin1,388,233
ItalyRome2,873,494
LatviaRiga614,618
LiechtensteinVaduz5,696
LithuaniaVilnius588,412
LuxembourgLuxembourg128,514
MaltaValletta6,444
MoldovaChișinău685,889
MonacoMonaco39,244
MontenegroPodgorica187,085
NetherlandsAmsterdam873,555
North MacedoniaSkopje584,000
NorwayOslo697,549
PolandWarsaw1,790,658
PortugalLisbon2,963,929
RomaniaBucharest1,883,425
RussiaMoscow12,593,252
San MarinoSan Marino4,061
SerbiaBelgrade1,405,192
SlovakiaBratislava432,864
SloveniaLjubljana295,504
SpainMadrid6,642,000
SwedenStockholm975,551
SwitzerlandBern133,883
UkraineKyiv2,962,180
United KingdomLondon9,648,110
Vatican CityVatican City825

Largest and smallest European capitals

Largest by population

  1. Moscow, Russia: 12,593,252
  2. London, United Kingdom: 9,648,110
  3. Madrid, Spain: 6,642,000
  4. Berlin, Germany: 3,669,491
  5. Athens, Greece: 3,090,508

Smallest by population

  1. Vatican City, Vatican City: 825
  2. San Marino, San Marino: 4,061
  3. Vaduz, Liechtenstein: 5,696
  4. Valletta, Malta: 6,444
  5. Andorra la Vella, Andorra: 22,886

Populations are estimates for the city itself, not the metropolitan area.

Which countries are included?

Europe here includes Russia, because Moscow lies in Europe, and Cyprus, a member of the European Union. Turkey, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan are listed under Asia. Vatican City is included; Kosovo is not.

Good to know

  • Vatican City is entirely surrounded by Rome, so two capitals lie only a few kilometres apart.
  • Amsterdam is the constitutional capital of the Netherlands, but the government and parliament sit in The Hague.
  • Reykjavík in Iceland is the northernmost capital of an independent country in the world.

Do you know them all?

Test yourself in the capital cities quiz: we name a country, you type its capital. Three levels, ten questions per round.

Play the capitals quiz

Frequently asked questions

  • How many capitals are there in Europe?

    Europe has 45 capital cities, one for each independent country. Europe here includes Russia, because Moscow lies in Europe, and Cyprus, a member of the European Union. Turkey, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan are listed under Asia. Vatican City is included; Kosovo is not.

  • What is the largest capital city in Europe?

    Moscow (Russia), with about 12,593,252 inhabitants in the city itself. It is followed by London (United Kingdom) and Madrid (Spain).

  • What is the smallest capital city in Europe?

    Vatican City (Vatican City), with about 825 inhabitants. Other small capitals in Europe are San Marino (San Marino) and Vaduz (Liechtenstein).

Capitals of other continents